Amakuru

Umubare munini wa gaze munganda nka ogisijeni, azote na argon bikoreshwa mugushongesha inganda zicyuma nicyuma.Oxygene ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura riturika, kugabanuka gushonga itanura, guhinduranya, gucana itanura ry'amashanyarazi;Azote ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gufunga itanura, gaze ikingira, gukora ibyuma no kuyitunganya, kumenagura icyuma mu guhinduranya kugirango irinde itanura, gaze yumutekano, ihererekanyabubasha ryogukoresha no gutunganya sisitemu, nibindi. Gazi ya Argon ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma no kuyitunganya.Mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho umusaruro no gukora neza kandi neza mu musaruro, uruganda runini rukora ibyuma rufite sitasiyo yihariye ya ogisijeni na ogisijeni, azote na sisitemu yo guhuza imiyoboro ya argon.

Inganda nini nini zuzuye zitunganya ibyuma zirimo ibikoresho bisanzwe: ifuru ya kokiya, gucumura, gutanura ibyuma byo gutanura ibyuma, guhinduranya amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, gukora ibizunguruka, n'ibindi. Kubera gushimangira kurengera ibidukikije no koroshya inzira, ibyuma mpuzamahanga Inganda zibyuma byateje imbere inzira yicyuma mbere yicyuma mugihe cya none - gushonga kugabanya ibyuma, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro mu cyuma gishongeshejwe mu itanura rishonga.

Hariho itandukaniro rinini muri gaze yinganda zisabwa nuburyo bubiri bwo gushonga.Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukenerwa n’itanura risanzwe rya feza rifite 28% byingana na ogisijeni ikenerwa n’uruganda rukora ibyuma, naho ogisijeni isabwa n’ibyuma bingana na 40% bya ogisijeni ikenerwa n’uruganda rukora ibyuma.Nyamara, uburyo bwo kugabanya gushonga (COREX) busaba 78% yumubare wuzuye wa ogisijeni ukenerwa mu gukora ibyuma na 13% byumwuka wa ogisijeni ukenewe mu gukora ibyuma.

Inzira ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyuma byo kugabanya ibyuma, zamenyekanye mubushinwa.

Uruganda rukora ibyuma bisabwa:

Uruhare runini rwo gutanga umwuka wa ogisijeni mu gucana itanura ni ugukora ubushyuhe buke mu itanura, aho kugira uruhare rugaragara mu gushonga.Oxygene ivangwa mu itanura riturika hanyuma ikavangwa nk'umwuka ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu itanura riturika.Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukungahaye ku mwuka uhuha watanzwe muri gahunda ibanza muri rusange uri munsi ya 3%.Hamwe nogutezimbere itanura riturika, murwego rwo kuzigama kokiya, nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bunini bwo gutera amakara, no kubahiriza ibisabwa n’umusaruro w’itanura ry’ibisasu kugira ngo uteze imbere umusaruro, umuvuduko ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni w’umwuka w’ibisasu wongerewe kugera kuri 5 ∽6%, hamwe no gukoresha ogisijeni imwe igera kuri 60Nm3 / T.

Kubera ko ogisijeni ivanze n’itanura riturika ni umwuka ukungahaye kuri ogisijeni, ubuziranenge bwa ogisijeni burashobora kuba buke.

Umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kugabanya ibyuma byo gukora ibyuma bigomba kugira uruhare mu gushonga, kandi gukoresha ogisijeni bigereranywa n’ibyuma.Gukoresha ogisijeni mu itanura ryo kugabanya gushonga ni 528Nm3 / t fer, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 10 gukoresha ogisijeni mu itanura riturika.Isoko ntarengwa ya ogisijene isabwa kugirango ibungabunge umusaruro mu itanura ryo kugabanya gushonga ni 42% yumusaruro usanzwe.

Umwuka wa ogisijeni usabwa n’itanura ryo kugabanya gushonga urenze 95%, umuvuduko wa ogisijeni ni 0.8∽ 1.0MPa, urwego rw’imihindagurikire y’umuvuduko rugenzurwa na 0.8MPa ± 5%, kandi umwuka wa ogisijeni ugomba kwemezwa kugira umubare munini uhoraho. gutanga mugihe runaka.Kurugero, kumatanura ya Corex-3000, birakenewe ko dusuzuma ububiko bwa ogisijeni ya 550T.

Uburyo bwo gukora ibyuma butandukanye nuburyo bwo gutanura no gutanura uburyo bwo gushonga.Oxygene ikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bihindura ibyuma rimwe na rimwe, kandi ogisijeni iremererwa iyo ihumeka ogisijeni, kandi ogisijeni igira uruhare mu gushonga.Hariho isano itaziguye hagati yubunini bwa ogisijeni ikenewe hamwe no gukora ibyuma.

Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imibereho ya serivise ihindura, tekinoroji ya azote ikoreshwa muri rusange muri rusange.Azote iri gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe, kandi umutwaro ni munini mugihe cyo gukoresha, kandi umuvuduko wa azote urenze 1.4MPa.

Argon irakenewe mugukora ibyuma no gutunganya.Hamwe nogutezimbere ubwoko bwibyuma, ibisabwa mugutunganya ni byinshi, kandi ingano ya argon ikoreshwa iragenda yiyongera.

Azote ikoresha urusyo rukonje rusabwa kugera kuri 50∽67Nm3 / t kuri buri gice.Hiyongereyeho urusyo rukonjesha rukonje ahantu hazunguruka ibyuma, ikoreshwa rya azote y'uruganda rukora ibyuma rwiyongera vuba.

Amashyiga y'amashanyarazi akora ibyuma cyane cyane akoresha ubushyuhe bwa arc, kandi ubushyuhe muri zone yibikorwa bya arc bingana na 4000 ℃.Uburyo bwo gushonga muri rusange bugabanijwemo igihe cyo gushonga, igihe cya okiside nigihe cyo kugabanuka, mu itanura ntirishobora gutera umwuka wa okiside gusa, ahubwo rishobora no kugabanya ikirere, bityo imikorere ya dephosifora, desulfurizasi ni ndende cyane.Itanura ryumuriro hagati yumuriro ni ubwoko bwubushake bwumuriro wa 50 hz uhinduranya mumashanyarazi hagati (hejuru ya 300 hz - 1000 hz) ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana byumuyagankuba (ac), nyuma yo gukosorwa mumashanyarazi ataziguye, hanyuma bigashyirwaho Guhinduranya amashanyarazi aringaniye yumuriro wamashanyarazi, itangwa ryubu na capacitance hamwe na coil induction binyuze mumurongo wo hagati uhinduranya umuyagankuba, kubyara imirongo myinshi ya magnetiki yumurongo wumurongo wa induction, coil induction, no guca muri cheng fang yibikoresho byibyuma, bitanga byinshi eddy ikigezweho mubikoresho byicyuma.Gukoresha ogisijeni imwe kugeza kuri 42∽45 Nm3 / t.

Fungura inzira yo gukora ibyuma hamwe nibikoresho fatizo: (1) ibyuma nicyuma nkicyuma cyingurube cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe, ibisakuzo;② okiside nk'amabuye y'icyuma, ogisijeni itunganijwe mu nganda, ubutare bukize;Agent slagging agent nka lime (cyangwa hekeste), fluorite, ettringite, nibindi.;④ deoxidizer hamwe ninyongeramusaruro.

Ingaruka ya Oxygene kugirango itange umwuka wa okiside, fungura ifuru ishonga gaze yo gutwika mu nzu (gaze itanura) irimo O2, CO2, H2O, nibindi, mubushyuhe bwinshi, gaze ya okiside ikomeye kuri ogisijeni ya pisine yashongeshejwe kugeza 0.2 ~ 0.4% byuburemere bwa icyuma mu isaha, okiside ya pisine yashongeshejwe, kugirango igipande gihora gifite okiside nyinshi.

Impanuro: gutanga ogisijeni na gaze yitanura yonyine, umuvuduko uratinda, wongeyeho ubutare bwicyuma cyangwa umwuka wa ogisijeni uhuha bishobora kwihutisha inzira.

Ibiranga ogisijeni ikoreshwa mu ruganda rukora ibyuma: kurekura ogisijeni no guhinduranya impiswi na ogisijeni.

Nigute ushobora guhaza ogisijeni ikenerwa ninganda zibyuma?Muri rusange, inzira zikurikira zifatwa kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa:

* Yemera umutwaro uhindagurika, urwego rwohejuru rwo gutangiza kugenzura neza, kugirango ugabanye umwuka wa ogisijeni, birashobora kuba byinshi byo guhuza

* Amatsinda menshi ya tanki ya sheferi igenga ikoreshwa muburyo bwa gakondo kugirango yongere imbaraga za buffer, kuburyo umubare wa ogisijeni ukoreshwa mugihe runaka uhagaze neza, ushobora kugabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni irekura kandi ukagabanya ubunini cy'igikoresho

* Mugihe gito cyo gukoresha ogisijeni, ogisijeni irenze ikururwa no gukuramo umwuka wa ogisijeni;Iyo impinga ya ogisijeni ikoreshejwe, ingano ya ogisijeni yishyurwa no guhumeka.Iyo ubushobozi bwo kuvoma hanze ya ogisijeni y’amazi butagarukira gusa ku bushobozi bwo gukonjesha, uburyo bwo gutembera hanze bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo umwuka wa ogisijeni urekuwe kandi hafatwa uburyo bwo guhumeka umwuka uhumeka umwuka wa ogisijeni.

* Kwemeza inganda nyinshi zicyuma zihujwe na gride kugirango itange gaze, ituma igipimo cya ogisijeni itanga gihamye ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye byo gukoresha gaze

Guhuza inzira yo gutandukanya ikirere

Mugutezimbere gahunda ya ogisijeni ikenera ubushobozi bwibikoresho, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, gutanga igitutu, inzira yo kuzamura, umutekano wa sisitemu, imiterere rusange, kugenzura urusaku kugirango ukore ibyemezo byihariye.

Uruganda runini rukora ibyuma hamwe na ogisijeni, nkurugero, umusaruro wumwaka wa toni miliyoni 10 zogukora itanura ryicyuma hamwe na ogisijeni kugirango ugere kuri 150000 Nm3 / h, umusaruro wumwaka wa toni miliyoni 3 za feri yo kugabanya ibyuma byo kugabanya itanura hamwe na ogisijeni kugirango ugere kuri 240000 Nm3 / h, shiraho urutonde rwuzuye rwibikoresho binini cyane byo gutandukanya ikirere ubu ni urwego rwa 6 ∽ 100000, mugihe uhisemo ubunini bwibikoresho bigomba kuba bivuye mubushoramari bwose mubikoresho no gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa, kubungabunga ibikoresho byabigenewe, bikubiyemo ahantu ho gutekereza.

Kubara Oxygene yo gukora ibyuma mu ruganda rukora ibyuma

Kurugero, itanura rimwe rifite uruziga rwa 70min nigihe cyo gukoresha gaze ya 50min.Iyo gaze ikoreshwa ni 8000Nm3 / h, gaze (ikomeza) yumuriro wo gutandukanya ikirere isabwa kuba 8000 × (50/60) ÷ (70/60) = 5715Nm3 / h.Noneho 5800Nm3 / h irashobora gutoranywa nkigikoresho cyo gutandukanya ikirere.

Toni rusange yicyuma hamwe na ogisijeni ni 42-45Nm3 / h (kuri toni), hakenewe ibaruramari ryombi, kandi ibi bizatsinda.

Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwo gukora inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma by’Ubushinwa bwazamutse ku isonga ry’isi, ariko ibyuma bidasanzwe, cyane cyane bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’igihugu ndetse n’imibereho y’abaturage bikomeje guterwa n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, bityo ibyuma byo mu gihugu na inganda zibyuma ziyobowe na Baowu Iron and Steel Uruganda ziracyafite inzira ndende, kuko iterambere ryimirima yateye imbere kandi ihanitse byihutirwa cyane.

Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cyibicuruzwa bitandukanya ikirere mu nganda zibyuma byarushijeho kuba byinshi.Abakoresha benshi ntibakenera ogisijeni gusa, ahubwo bakeneye na azote nziza cyane na gaze ya argon, cyangwa nizindi myuka idasanzwe.Kugeza ubu, Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Shougang n’izindi nganda zikomeye zifite ibyuma byinshi byo gutandukanya ikirere byakuwe neza.Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byifashishwa mu gutandukanya ikirere ntibishobora gusa guhaza umusaruro w’igihugu, ariko kandi bizana inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu.

Hamwe niterambere rinini ry’inganda zibyuma, aho gushyigikira ishami ryo gutandukanya ikirere ryerekeza ku nganda nini n’itandukanya ry’ikirere nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iterambere, amasosiyete atandukanya ikirere mu gihugu na yo afite intego yo gufata imishinga ikomeye ku isi, abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, bahagarariwe na hangyang co hamwe n’urundi ruganda rutandukanya ikirere rwateje imbere amanota 8-120000 y’ibikoresho binini byo gutandukanya ikirere, ibikoresho bya gaze bidasanzwe byo mu rugo nabyo byagenze neza mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, ikoranabuhanga rya Air China ryatangiye bitinze, ariko kandi riri mu kongera ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, bizera ko hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, inganda zitandukanya gaze mubushinwa zizajya mumahanga, zerekeza kwisi.